"If a primordial cloud lies close to a much larger protogalaxy that is rapidily forming stars, those stars relentlessly zap the cloud with ultraviolet radiation. This massive input of energy breaks the chemical bonds that bind moleculer hydrogen together, converting the cloud into one of the almost pure atomic hydrogen (H), which is less efficient at radiating away energy. This gas remains hot, meaning it can't fragment to clumps that cool and condense to form stars."
Astronomy Magazine March 2021 "How to Grow a Giant Black Hole" pp. 16-23
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